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Objective truth (Peter Frauenglass)

March 10th 2010 08:18
Mr Peter Frauenglass of Three West Winds is a reader of this blog, and I recently invited him to write a guest post on anything he likes.

Here's his offering.

***

Let me lead off with a short section quoted from “Stranglehold,” by Christopher Anvil, first published in 1966. I thoroughly recommend all of his short stories, collected in, “Interstellar Patrol” volumes 1, 2 and 3. For now, just try to ignore the 60s writing style and enjoy the a small snippet.

“Well, they said the base of my argument was this thing I called 'science.' And 'science,' they said, was a transparent impossibility, because it was built on an assumption that was provably false.”

MacIntyre frowned. “What assumption is that?”

“That experiments can be repeated, and give the same results at different times and for different investigators.”

“They don't believe that?”

“No, and what's more, to prove is wasn't true ... they carried out a series of experiments, in which [electrical] current flowed in either direction or not at all, as they wisehd.”

MacIntyre whisteled. “Oh, you mean, they made that illusion.

“I don't think it was an illusion, Mac. I think their psychic control was strong enough to reverse a weak current flow caused by weak electromotive force. But regardless whether it was an illusion or not, the result was the same: to make a perfectly good experiment worthless. Can you imagine trying to develop science on a planet where, so far as you can tell with your senses, the same experiment gives you one result on Tuesday, and another on Wednesday, depending on your own or somebody else's attitude? On this basis, science could never even get started.”



“So,” said MacIntyre frowning, “what we end up with is that a scientific civilization just naturally inhibits the development of psychic phenomena, and a 'psychic' civilization just naturally inhibits the development of science. So whichever one gets a big enough lead tends to get a stranglehold on the other one.”

No, despite the lead in, I'm not actually going to talk about psychics, aliens, or faith vs. reason: I have a far more sinister topic in mind. Objective Truth. That's right, Truth with a capital T. How can we possibly reach such an elusive quarry, when everywhere we turn, all we can rely upon are our subjective senses. We know how often these deceive us in the everyday realm – how could they be at all trustworthy in this far more important and elusive task?

Let's take a look at a thought experiment and analogy. If I'm stuck on one side of the glass, and the creatures I wish to observe is stuck on the other side, I can ponder the properties of the glass and sit all day wondering how much the glass is distorting my view beyond. This first view is Kant. He spends a great deal of time examining our reason, our instrument for peering into the world, and in the end concludes that it is untrustworthy. How can I possibly know anything about the animals on the other side, without first knowing all the properties of the glass? And how can I know about the glass, when I have to look at it with my eyes? And I certainly have no access to how my eyes distort the truth except through instruments created using my hands with the aid of my eyes. Around in circles he runs, walling what we can know into an ever smaller box of pure reason cut off from the world and finally even from itself.

On the other hand, we could just ignore the glass and start observing the animals directly. We could note their patterns, the way they move, draw figures and map out eating habits. After a few months of this, someone might question us on how we can say we know anything about the animals themselves, rather than just their images. We could only respond by saying we have no idea, but if the glass is distorting the image, it's doing it in the exact same way all the time. Quick, look at this pretty graph and be distracted from all your petty questioning.

Is there a third option? Does our search for Truth end up ultimately at only one of two extremes, acceptance of appearances on some level or total skepticism? No, there's a third option.

Nietzsche walks over, laughs heartily at Kant huddling in the corner observing his own navel, smacks the scientist over the head and calls him a timid naysayer, then breaks the glass with the axe called “willpower” and leaps into the cage. He promptly begins to wrestle with a baby bear and enjoy himself before he's killed by its mother. A horde or rabid followers leap in after him, shouting that he's discovered Nihilism – clearly, he meant to be eaten in order to show them all that life was worthless. The scene devolves into chaos as the scientists is drafted by the military saying the Nietzsche had the right idea, but now they must work together to destroy the enemy's glass as well. A post modernist begins to question Kant on the meaning of “glass,” and why he should give it a single name when it's clearly in so many different pieces with different shapes on the ground. Kant starts to cry.

I've strayed rather far off topic, it seems. But I hope one point came across: it's been a long time since anyone actually believed in an objective truth learn-able by humans. The last major philosopher I can think of who embraced the concept was Descartes, and even he was uncertain. After him (and before him as well) people insisted that either there was no such thing or if there was, only God could know for certain, and we could only reach it through His word.

It seems a shame to abandon such a useful and attractive concept as universal truth. Perhaps sometime I'll try to defend her, but for now I just wanted to ask the question: do you believe in Universal Truth? Is your pen strong enough to defend her against all the swords of the age?


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Comments
8 Comments. [ Add A Comment ]

Comment by Chris Champion

March 10th 2010 08:52
Very enjoyable and instructive. Thanks Peter.

Comment by Nonymous

March 10th 2010 13:49
Peter, thanks for the thought-provoking post. Here's a couple of hurried thoughts in reply that won't at all do your post justice.

* One distinction to highlight is the difference between believing in objective truth and believing in access to that truth. You allude to this when you write: "objective truth learn-able by humans".

* Another distinction is the difference between possession of objective truth and possession of certainty. After all, I might happen to believe someting that's objectively true, but be unable to prove this by some sort of deductive reasoning from foundational principles that are themselves indubitable.

* What is meant by "objective" anyway? Perhaps something like "mind-independent"? So, an objective truth is a true statement whose truth value is independent of what anyone thinks?

If this is an accurate gloss, I'd want to suggest that comparatively few people doubt that there any objective truths. Consider, for instance, what such a rejection would entail -- including the existence of any world outside minds. And consider also the old observation: "You say you don't believe in objective truths... well, what about the claim 'there are no objective truths'?"

* Is it true that "it's been a long time since anyone actually believed in an objective truth"? I'm inclined to argue the converse -- that the commonest view of science, for example, is that it progresses closer and closer to mind-independent truths.

Comment by ThreeWestWinds

March 14th 2010 19:59


You're right to call me out on that - what I should have said is that it's been a long time since a famous philosopher believed in access objective truth. There is of course a wide variety of beliefs among the populace, and many philosophers (Kant) believed that there is a true world to which we have no access.

But how far apart is believing in something unapproachable and not believing in the existence of the thing? The end results seem to me quite similar - a total disregard for the inaccessible/non-existent idea.

I like that definition of objective - mind independent. True for every mind without regard to perspective, and perhaps even without a mind to think it.

Comment by tiggyd

April 5th 2010 09:46
Amazing post Peter! And very thought-provoking.

I think a major issue is how individual psychology can be. The older one gets, the greater the myriad of associations with emotions, thoughts, events, smells, colours etc one makes. Red means one thing to one person, another thing to another.

Assuming that we each perceive things in our own unique way, it would be very hard to find some form of 'universal truth'. I mean, how hard can it sometimes be to explain to someone some of your beliefs? Sometimes, in doing so, I feel like I have to take a few steps back, explain the thought process in which I took, over the years, in arriving at a current 'belief'.

Of course there can be a few common grounds, but I hope I've communicated my point.

It also seems that the more one experiences, and upon critical reflection, learns, the harder it is for one to 'hold onto' any particular belief or truth.

Sorry if I've rambled, I've been reading posts ALL day, I just found this blog today!

Comment by Nonymous

April 6th 2010 12:57
Thanks for your comment, Tiggyd.

... I feel like I have to take a few steps back, explain the thought process in which I took, over the years, in arriving at a current 'belief'.

I think your comment is insightful. One often doesn't have a belief for any particular reason, nor for any simple reason, but the belief is something that you've grown into from countless experiences...

On the other hand, often a belief can be proven or disproven straightforwardly, despite its origin. For instance, the belief that "one plus one equals two" might have many sources, but you can quite quickly demonstrate its truth to someone.

It also seems that the more one experiences, and upon critical reflection, learns, the harder it is for one to 'hold onto' any particular belief or truth.

Yep, I agree. I don't want to generalize, but I think that, sometimes, the more you learn, the humbler you get, and the more willing to suspend belief or to entertain other beliefs.

Perhaps this is partly because you learn from experience how fallible you are, how many times you've erred in your thinking, how much room there is for variety of opinion on a topic, etc.

Comment by tiggyd

April 6th 2010 14:28
sometimes, the more you learn, the humbler you get, and the more willing to suspend belief or to entertain other beliefs.

Perhaps this is partly because you learn from experience how fallible you are, how many times you've erred in your thinking, how much room there is for variety of opinion on a topic, etc

From my experience, that is spot on! Beautifully spoken.

Comment by just a guest

April 17th 2010 00:31
since you are entertaining psychology and philosophy, i would like to add metaphysical naturalism to the debut which party connects to evolutionary psychology and commonly explain the deliberation of absolute/objective truth..
we are merely but 'thinking animals' and the obscurity/ subjectivity it gives us is the ignorance towards natural world- however explained by scientology- as well as the overconfidence or high esteem we believe ourselves to be able to analyze the world as we see it through our beautiful yet powerless five senses..our observance has a tiny tip on the spectrum of possible observable--take for example the light spectrum. it might sound an absolute fallibiism/ skepticism but it is merely being humble..and this is a character the human race lacks... religous persons are believed to be the least humble- even toward their own race- what becomes eventually non tolerance and war..but let us leave it for another discussion.. hope i made it clear (i have adhd) waiting for your wits

Comment by Jonathan Speke Laudly

May 5th 2010 06:06
One may have objective truth if that is defined as intersubjective ascent to some statement.
But if objective truth is defined as a statement or set of statements that is indubitable to anyone and everyone---I think there is no such thing.
I always thought the subjective /objective distinction a hopeless muddle, simply because
if there is a subjective (as is assumed by the term Objective Truth) and subjective and objective are mutually exclusive, and humans are subjective then how do humans have access to the objective? It seems they don't. So how do you know that an objective truth exists at all?
This is what bugged me about Kant's "thing in itself". if we have no access to it how to confirm it even exists? Seems a mere assumption.
If there is a subjective then must it not be objectively existing? Do we not subjectively judge that something is an objective truth?
The whole thing seems a mess.
I think that both subjective and objective may be subsumed under the category of --whatever shows up---since the world is made up of whatever shows up, including subjective point of view and objective point of view, however they are conceived.
All we have to fill the role of truth is what does appear, what is apparent and immediate.
What else could it be?
A physicist happens upon an unknown phenomenon in the lab. Various theories to explain are proffered to explain it. The theories are tested. The unknown phenomenon is explained.
In each of these steps there was nothing hidden---the apparent was the reality, was what the world consisted of at the time. In this situation reality was fully known at each point. So too, all of reality is fully and immediately known at any point. What shows up, what is, is
in no way hidden.
Something that is the case arises, shows up, as something that is the case. There is no need to confirm that it arose as the case.
By this I mean that if it arises that the football team lost last Saturday, or that the car is blue, or that the racoon got the chicken--there is no question that what showed up was that something was the case.
It could be that what shows up includes a doubt that the racoon got the chicken---but there is no doubt that something showed up that said or depicted that there is a doubt that the racoon got the chicken.
Whatever is shows up and is up front, is what it is with nothing missing or amiss. There is no lack and nothing "behind the appearance". What shows up as apparent is what there is. That does not mean that later something does not show up--a different point of view or new evidence--- to refute it or change it.
And if truth is what the world is--what is actually present--then whatever shows up is the truth.
And so the notion that what the truth is or the world is can be reduced to a scheme, a conceptual frame, is false.
A conceptual frame is just one of the myriads of things that show up everyday.
And this truth , this showing up, is what everyone not only sees--but is.


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